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The aim
of the Comprehension, Explanation and Language project is an analysis
of the axis – images, notions and principles – that first
forged, then shaped the modern model of intelligibility. The project
aims at identifying and examining the conceptual transformations upon
which the creation of modern science and its dissemination are grounded
– particularly in Portugal -, transformations that led to the
gradual replacement of a model of philosophical by a model of scientific
intelligibility. The need for a reconfiguration and redefinition of
the conceptual framework that makes possible this alteration, and the
difficulties and resistances it has implied, have left their mark on,
among other things, an ample set of controversies, as well as on the
very style adopted in the founding texts of modern science: the dialogue.
Both reflect, in different and complementary ways, the impossibility
of a synthesis between the conceptual framework that defined pre-modern
intelligibility and the one that the creation and development of modern
science is gradually building. The processes crystallize in the contrast
between Ancients and Moderns, and go beyond the scope of the development
of modern science.
RESEARCH IN PROGRESS
The CEL investigation line has projected itself from the beginning as a long term Project. Throughout this triennium it will proceed its work analysing images, notions and principles that have forged and structured the Modern model of intelligibility.
Conclusion
of the work currently in process:
Conclusion of the Project POCI/FIL/61518/2004: namely, edition according
to the plans set on the Project, of Recreação Filosófica,
Teodoro de Almeida (10 vols) and De re Metaphysica, de Verney.
New tasks:
- To make a similar analysis about other texts and authors. The concepts
of nature, cause and end, as well as the causality and reason principles
are being studied.
- Translation and study of texts with several styles and origins, where
the images, notions and principles are proposed and dealt with in their
ambiguities, tensions and changes.
- The work started from the selection and study of several scientific
and philosophical controversies that took place in Europe on the 17th
and 18th centuries. Private correspondence, commentaries and essays
published in revues such as Journal des Savants, Acta Eruditorum and
Philosophical Transactions.
Collaboration with other national and international institutions:
.1 - Collaboration on the international project “Leibniz en Español”
(cf. (www.leibniz.es), aiming at translating Leibniz’s philosophical
works (18 volumes).
.2 - Collaboration on the Project of the Centro de Filosofia da Faculdade
de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa consisting on the translation of
Suárez’s Disputationes Metaphysicas. The collaboration
includes the translation, as well as the writing of corresponding essays,
of the disputations on causality.
.3 - The work presented before will be done with external collaboration,
grounded in two agreements. The first, "Projecto Suarez",
was signed with the CFUL (University of Lisbon Philosophy Centre) and
the UFF (Rio de Janeiro). The second, on "controversies",
was signed with the CFUL.
A.First
results concerning the Project POCI/FIL/61518/2004:
.1 Recreação Filosófica:
a) Establishment of definite text
b) Localization of editions and identification of the edition to be
published
c) Copying of the 10 volumes into digital form
d) Orthographic modernization
.2 About De re metaphysica:
a) Transcription of the 2nd edition
b) Identification of dissimilarities between the 1st and the 2nd edition
B. Study
of controversies:
Analysis of the Foucher-Leibniz controversy over the Système
Nouveau de la Nature as well as those concerned with the notion of natural
explanation and the causality models operating in nature, involving
Leibniz, Foucher, Malebranche e the Scholastics.
Conferences:
Marta Mendonça,
“Homens, brutos e máquinas: Teodoro de Almeida e o pensamento
europeu”. 2º Congresso Luso-Brasileiro de História
da Ciência e da Técnica, R. de Janeiro, 8-10 X 2003.
"Teodoro de Almeida e a divulgação da Filosofia Moderna
– uma análise da Recreação Filosófica".
V Congresso Luso-Brasileiro de História da Educação
"Igreja, Estado, Sociedade Civil. Instâncias Promotoras de
Ensino", U. of Évora, 5-8 IV 2004.
"Razões que inclinam sem necessitar". Conference "Envolvimento
do Infinito no Finito", Centro de Filosofia, F. Letras, U. of Lisboa,
22 VI 2004.
“Leibniz’s conception of ‘natural explanation’”,
The 20th International Workshop on the History and Philosophy of Science
“Leibniz: What Kind of Rationalist?”, U. of Tel Aviv andVan
Leer Institut of Jerusalem, Israel, 30 V-2 VI 2005.
“Ley natural y explicación natural en el Système
Nouveau de la Nature… de Leibniz”, XLIV Philosophical Meetings:
Natural Law, U. of Navarra, 27-29 III 2006.
“Rien ne se peut faire qui ne soit dans l’ordre. Ordre général
et ordres particuliers ou comment penser la contingence dans le cadre
du déterminisme”, VIII. Internationaler Leibniz-Kongress:
Einheit in der Vielheit. Hannover, 24-29 VII 2006.
“Teodoro de Almeida y la divulgación de da Filosofía
Moderna: el proyecto de la Recreación Filosófica”,
XV Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía Española e Iberoamericana,
Salamanca, 12-15 IX 2006.
“Ordem, leis e excepções. Determinismo e singularidade
na Física de Leibniz”, Conference “O Estatuto do
Singular”, RICI, UNL. Lisboa, FCG, 25-26 V 2006.
Publications:
Marta
Mendonça, “A justiça em Leibniz, entre a Lógica
e o Poder”, Cultura. Revista de História e Teoria das
Ideias, IIª. Série, nº. XVI-XVII, 2003, pp. 499-511.
_____, “Ockham, A Lógica dos Termos”, Mediaevalia,
Vol. 21, 2004, pp. 170-175.
_____, “Sentidos da Necessidade em Leibniz”, Dois Pontos
(Curitiba, Brasil), Vol. 2, nº 1, 2005, pp. 53-82.
_____, “Locke e a Lei Natural. Uma análise dos Essays on
the Law of Nature”, Cultura. Revista de História e
Teoria das Ideias, IIª. Série, nº. XX, 2005, pp.
111-122.
_____, “Brotéria e a difusão da ciência em
Portugal: ideário e conteúdos”, in Hermínio
Rico, José Eduardo Franco (coord.), Fé, Ciência,
Cultura: Brotéria – 100 Anos, Gradiva, Lisboa, 2003,
pp. 255-276.
_____, "Filosofia Portuguesa e Filosofia Moderna: a perspectiva
de Álvaro Ribeiro”, in O pensamento e a obra de José
Marinho e Álvaro Ribeiro. Actas do Colóquio realizado
pelo Centro Regional do Porto da Universidade Católica Portuguesa,
Vol. II, Universidade Católica Portuguesa – Centro Regional
do Porto, Imprensa Nacional – Casa da Moeda, Lisboa, 2005, pp.
115-127.
_____, “Sobre o mal: a leitura ricoeuriana de Leibniz”,
in Fernanda Henriques (coord.), A Filosofia de Paul Ricoeur: Temas
e Percursos, Ariadne Editora, Coimbra, 2006, pp. 317-326.
_____, “Natureza Humana e Bioética. A propósito
de Francis Fukuyama”, Communio, XXIII, nº 3, 2006,
pp. 295-304.
_____, “Razões que inclinam sem necessitar – determinismo
e liberdade nos Novos Ensaios”, in Cardoso, Adelino (org.), O
envolvimento do infinito no finito, Centro de Filosofia da Universidade
de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2006, pp. 63-82.
_____, “Necessidade natural e liberdade na Crítica da Razão
Pura”, in Leonel Ribeiro dos Santos (coord.), Kant: Posteridade
e Actualidade, Centro de Filosofia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa,
2006, pp. 183-191.
Master completed:
Marta Mendonça
(supervisor)
Mafalda Sofia das Neves Pedroso, O pensamento científico de Monteiro
da Rocha (1734-1819). Master on Cultural and Political History, FCSH,
17 May 2005.
Organization
of a seminar within the Master on Cultural and Political History: Ana
Isabel Simões (Faculty of Sciences, Lisbon University): "Ideias
científicas e Poder em Portugal no séc. XVIII" (March,
2003).
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